HESI General Chairside Assisting Practice Exam

Which symptom is commonly associated with hyperglycemia?

1. Excessive urination

2. Severe headaches

3. Rapid weight loss

4. Fatigue and confusion

The correct answer is: Excessive urination

Excessive urination is a hallmark symptom of hyperglycemia, which occurs when there is too much glucose in the bloodstream. As blood sugar levels rise, the kidneys work harder to filter and absorb the excess glucose. When the kidneys can no longer keep up, glucose is excreted in the urine, drawing additional water along with it. This leads to increased urination, known as polyuria. This symptom is particularly important for dental assistants to recognize, as patients with uncontrolled diabetes may show signs of hyperglycemia during dental appointments. While severe headaches, rapid weight loss, and fatigue and confusion can be associated with diabetes or other health issues, they are not as definitive indicators of hyperglycemia as excessive urination. Headaches can be caused by various factors, and while rapid weight loss might suggest insufficient insulin or uncontrolled diabetes, it is more commonly linked to overall metabolic changes rather than strictly hyperglycemia. Fatigue and confusion may occur when blood sugar is either too high or too low, making them less specific for hyperglycemia alone. Understanding polyuria as a primary symptom can aid in effective patient management and care.